Salame C, et al. - Given hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatments lead to protein losses in effluent dialysate, researchers investigated if changes in current dialysis practice had increased therapy-associated nitrogen losses. In this cross-sectional cohort study, total protein, urea and total nitrogen in effluent dialysate from 24-hour collections from PD patients, and during haemodiafiltration (HDF) and HD sessions were measured. It was noted that with HD, sessional losses of protein and urea nitrogen (UN) were greater. Weekly losses were found to be similar between modalities. No differences were found between HD and HDF. However, relative to the combination of protein and UN, the observed total nitrogen losses were much greater, suggesting greater nutritional losses with dialysis than previously reported.