Cunningham GR, Ellenberg SS, Bhasin S, et al. - Researchers conducted this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to assess prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes during testosterone treatment of older hypogonadal men. The sample consisted of 790 hypogonadal men ≥ 65 years of age with average testosterone levels ≤ 275 ng/dL. Men at high risk for prostate cancer have been eliminated. Interventions included testosterone or placebo gel for 12 months. According to results, testosterone treatment which increased testosterone levels from 232 ± 63 ng/dL to midnormal was related to a small but substantially higher increase in PSA levels vs placebo treatment. Serum PSA levels rose by 0.47 ± 1.1 ng/mL at baseline at 12 months in the testosterone group and by 0.06 ± 0.72 ng/mL in the placebo group from 1.14 ± 0.86 ng/mL at baseline. Once testosterone was treated for hypogonadal older men with normal baseline PSA, 5% had an increase in PSA ≥ 1.7 ng/mL and 2.5% had an increase of ≥ 3.4 ng/mL.