Kulhánová I, et al. – In this investigation, researchers assessed the cancer burden due to major lifestyle and environmental risk factors—including smoking, alcohol, high body mass index, insufficient physical activity, diet, suboptimal breastfeeding, infections, and air pollution—in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region. From IARC's GLOBOCAN, age-, sex- and site-specific incidence estimates for 2012 were used for this analysis. Among all new cancer cases reported in 2012 in adults aged ≥ 30 years, all selected risk factors combined were regarded as the cause for approximately 33% of these cases. In the Eastern Mediterranean, a substantial number of cancer cases could be prevented by attenuating exposure to major lifestyle and environmental risk factors. Effective improvement in the regional cancer burden could be achieved by implementing population-based programs focused on preventing infections and smoking, particularly among men, and promoting physical activity, especially among women.