Elsayed ME, et al. - By performing this systematic review using a propensity score matching (PSM)-based approach, researchers analyzed studies that compared mortality between in-centre haemodialysis (HD) with peritoneal dialysis (PD). All citations in the PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases were identified from inception through November 2018, applying a sensitive search strategy. There were 214 citations with 17 cohort investigations and 113 578 PSM incident dialysis patients. For PD vs HD, the pooled HR (hazard ratio) was 1.06. Considerable difference by country was evident, however, death risks for PD vs HD continued to be virtually unaltered on stratification by geographical area with HRs of 1.04, 1.14 and 0.98 for European, Asian and American cohorts, respectively. Overall, equal survival benefits were reported for PD and in-centre HD. A combination of factors that are not associated with clinical efficacy was largely reflected by documented disparities in survival between treatments.