Goswami S, Hu X, Chen Q, et al. - Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been reported as an anti-HIV cytokine. Researchers’ recent work has established that by inhibiting an uncoating step, IL-27-pretreatment promotes phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4(+) T cells into HIV-1-resistant cells. In this study, researchers sought to further describe the function of the HIV resistant T cells via examining profiles of microRNA in the cells using microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and determining anti-HIV effect of the microRNAs. Treatment of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4(+) T cells was done with or without IL-27 for 3 days. miRNA-seq was used to analyze microRNA profiles. They transfected T cells or macrophages with synthesized microRNA mimics and then infected them with HIVNL4.3 or HIVAD8 to determine anti-HIV effect. A p24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was employed to monitor anti-HIV effect. Quantification of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, or IFN-λ production was done using each subtype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. A total of 15 novel microRNAs (miRTC1 ∼ miRTC15) were identified in T cells. miRTC14, one of the novel microRNAs, was identified to be a potent IFN-inducing anti-HIV miRNA, implicating that regulation of its expression may be a potent therapeutic tool for HIV as well as for other virus infection.