Tönshoff B, Müller B, Elling R, et al. - In this noninterventional, uncontrolled, open, national, multicenter, cross-sectional study, researchers sought to characterize the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children aged 1 to 10 years, compared with a corresponding parent of each child, in a population-based sample. The sample consisted of 4,964 participants: 2,482 children (median age, 6 [range, 1-10] years; 1,265 boys [51.0%]) and 2,482 parents (median age, 40 [range, 23-66] years; 615 men [24.8%]). During the lockdown time in southwestern Germany, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections was especially low in children aged 1 to 10 years. It is therefore doubtful that the pandemic has been boosted by children. This SARS-CoV-2 prevalence study, which seems to be the largest concentrating on children, is informative for how ad hoc mass testing provides the basis for rational political decision-making in a pandemic.