Nakamoto H, et al. - In this questionnaire-based study including outpatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) who were stable on treatment, researchers determined the severity and frequency of uremic pruritus and itch-associated insomnia. Of patients on hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and on conservative CKD management, pruritus was reported by 61.6%, 61.5%, and 43.2%, respectively. Based on the treatment modality used, no statistically significant difference was found in the severity or frequency of itch. However, the PD group vs the HD and conservative CKD groups significantly more commonly suffered insomnia. In ESRD or CKD patients, better skin management is required for itch and moisturizing and lifestyle factors hold significance. These patients may also use topical or oral medications. For the treatment of uremic pruritus in these patients, nalfurafine (a κ receptor agonist) is now available in Japan.