Qi Z, et al. – Researchers retrospectively analyzed patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest following return of spontaneous circulation in order to explore the role of presepsin in assessing the prognosis and early innate immune change in these subjects, taking into account presepsin levels, CD14, and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients vs healthy subjects had higher presepsin levels. Persistently lower levels of presepsin and procalcitonin were detected in the first 3 days in 28-day survivors and patients with favorable neurologic outcome vs 28-day non-survivors and patients with unfavorable neurologic outcome. For out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients after return of spontaneous circulation, plasma presepsin levels were identified as independent prognostic factors. Also, findings revealed a correlation of plasma presepsin levels with abnormal CD14 and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes. According to this study, monitoring presepsin levels may be helpful as far as prognostication and assessment of impaired innate immune response in the early period following return of spontaneous circulation.