Behnke J, Windhorst A, Oehmke F, et al. - Using univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression, researchers sought to evaluate the prenatal and postnatal risk factors for pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) in preterm infants born at up to 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) and their relation to severe complications. Previously known risk factors for pulmonary interstitial emphysema, including GA and birth weight, and the associations with adverse outcomes such as intraventricular hemorrhage and mortality, have been confirmed. Preeclampsia and haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome have been reported as additional risk factors for PIE and lung impairment was linked to respiratory distress syndrome, higher maximum inspired oxygen and needing surfactant. For future research, these conditions should be used to identify preterm infants at risk of PIE straight after birth.