Kanai T, et al. - Researchers investigated renal graft biopsy specimens showing negative to mild proteinuria (less than or equal to 1+ by dip stick test) and/or hematuria among kidney transplant cases who corresponded to the criteria for C1q nephropathy (C1qN) and were followed more than 10 years in order to confirm the existence of cases with predominant mesangial C1q deposits and negative or mild proteinuria and/or hematuria. They found that the findings corroborated the existence of cases with predominant but silent C1q deposits in the mesangium who had negative or mild proteinuria.