Saber-Khalaf M, et al. - In non-obstructive azoospermia with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism, two independent predictive factors of successful sperm retrieval were revealed which were the average testicular volume and the serum testosterone levels.

• A retrospective analysis of patients (n=103) with azoospermia who had micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction done, those exhibiting persistent low testosterone even post-hormonal stimulation were eliminated.

• In 64 (62%) patients, sperm retrieval was accomplished, while failure occurred in 39 (38%) patients.

• The successful group had significantly larger median testicular volume vs the failed group as well as significantly lower serum FSH and serum LH, significantly higher serum testosterone, and lower age of orchidopexy.