Fontana M, et al. - In the present study, researchers assessed responses to a questionnaire based on key demographic characteristics known to be correlated with disparities in caries experience (eg, race/ethnicity and insurance status) via recruiting 1,323 one-year-old children primarily through three medical research networks. Significant differences were noted in the responses to this caries risk questionnaire based on Medicaid status and race/ethnicity that provide construct and criterion validity to the developed caries risk tool. Results of this study suggested that primary caregivers of children enrolled in Medicaid were significantly more likely to be the mother, have bleeding gums, eat sugary snacks between meals, consume sugary drinks between meals, eat or drink something other than water before going to bed, and not get regular dental checkups. After adjusting for race/ethnicity, children in the Medicaid group vs those not enrolled in Medicaid were significantly more likely to go to sleep while nursing or drinking something other than water, eat sugary snacks between meals, consume sugary drinks between meals, receive topical fluoride from a health professional, visit the dentist, and not have an employed adult in the household.