Hyon K. Choi, et al. - Using data from 14,624 adults representative of the non-institutionalized civilian US population, experts investigated modifiable risk factors relative to the presence of hyperuricemia and computed the proportion of hyperuricemia cases that could be prevented through risk factor change in the general population in comparison with estimates of the variance explained. BMI, alcohol intake, adherence to a DASH-style diet, and diuretic use were all related to serum urate levels and the presence of hyperuricemia in a dose-response manner. Of hyperuricemia cases, the analogous population attributable risks for overweight/obesity, non-adherence to a DASH-style diet, alcohol use, and diuretic use were 44%, 9%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, whereas the corresponding variations described were 8.9%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 5.0%. This simulation study explicated the variation nearing zero with exposure prevalence's nearing 100%. Thus, four modifiable risk factors (BMI, the DASH diet, alcohol use, and diuretic use) could individually account for an important proportion of hyperuricemia cases. Nonetheless, the corresponding serum urate variation illustrated by these risk factors was very minute and paradoxically masked their high prevalence, giving real-life empirical evidence for its limitations in evaluating general risk factors.