Carvalho FG, Cunha AMD, Tonon AC, et al. - Researchers investigated the interrelationship between sleep quality and self-reported psychiatric/cardiometabolic symptoms, factoring in mediation and moderation influences of sleep timing patterns, and urban vs rural work environment, respectively. Further, they evaluated the association between sleep quality and polymorphisms of AANAT, RORA, and TIMELESS genes. In a rural area in southern Brazil, they conducted an epidemiological survey and evaluated 829 individuals for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; they assessed sleep timing patterns using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Findings revealed statistically significant correlations of poor sleep quality with self-reported psychiatric symptoms, and with self-reported cardiometabolic symptoms. According to genetic analysis, the RORA GA/AA genotype was associated with poor sleep quality. The investigators identified no moderated mediation effects in the conditional analysis. These findings provide novel information concerning the interrelationship between sleep characteristics and psychiatric/cardiometabolic self-reported symptoms, taking into account genes linked to the biological clocks and melatonin pathways.