Appaneal HJ, Shireman TI, Lopes VV, et al. - This research sought to correlate rates of poor clinical outcomes among long-term care (LTC) residents with urinary tract infection (UTI) receiving suboptimal vs optimal antibiotic treatment. Researchers performed a retrospective cohort study among residents with an incident UTI treated in Veterans Affairs LTC units (2013–2018). They used shared frailty Cox proportional hazard regression models to match the time-to-event between suboptimal and optimal treatment. In this study, 64.6% received potentially suboptimal antibiotic treatment and 35.4% experienced a poor clinical outcome among 19,701 LTC residents with an incident UTI. The results showed that suboptimal antibiotic treatment was correlated with a 6% increased risk of the composite measure of poor clinical outcomes, in particular, a 94% increased risk of CDI in this national cohort study. As per the findings, beyond the decision to use antibiotics, clinicians should also consider the potential harms of suboptimal treatment choices with regards to drug type, dose frequency, and duration used.