Morschhauser F, et al. - Considering the phase 1 trials identifying clinical activity and tolerability of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) polatuzumab vedotin (pola) and pinatuzumab vedotin (pina), researchers compared rituximab plus pola (R-pola) or pina (R-pina) in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in this multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study. They randomly assigned 81 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 42 with follicular lymphoma to receive R-pola or R-pina (375 mg/m ² rituximab plus 2·4 mg/kg ADCs) every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity up to 1 year. Outcomes suggest potential treatment efficacy of R-pina and R-pola in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. As pola had longer durations of response than pina, and an overall benefit–risk favoured R-pola, pola was selected for further development in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.