Anderson CM, Lee CM, Saunders DP, et al. - Since oral mucositis (OM) continues to be a common, debilitating toxicity of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer, therefore, researchers investigated whether GC4419 (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) or placebo affords a better option, in terms of efficacy and safety, for reducing the duration, incidence, and severity of severe OM (SOM). They undertook this phase IIb, multi-institutional, randomized, double-blind trial in 223 patients, recruited from 44 institutions, having locally advanced oral cavity or oropharynx cancer planned to be treated with definitive or postoperative intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) plus cisplatin. The participants were randomly allocated to receive 30 mg (n = 73) or 90 mg (n = 76) of GC4419 or to receive placebo (n = 74) by 60-minute intravenous delivery prior to each IMRT fraction. According to the findings, a significant, clinically meaningful reduction of SOM duration, incidence, and severity was provided by GC4419 at a dose of 90 mg, with acceptable safety.