Chihara Y, et al. - In patients who had already received treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, researchers tested S-1 (an oral fluoropyrimidine agent that consists of tegafur, 5- chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine, and potassium oxonate) and paclitaxel (PTX) combination therapy, focusing on efficacy and toxicity. Patients with body surface areas of <1.25, 1.25–1.5, and >1.5 m² received oral S-1 thrice weekly on days 1–14 at 80, 100, and 120 mg/day, respectively. On days 1 and 8, they administered PTX at 80 mg/m². The observed median progression-free survival was 6.5 months and overall survival was 20.7 months. Five (12%) and one (2%) patients suffered grade 3/4 anemia and thrombocytopenia, respectively. Stomatitis (5% of patients), diarrhea (7% of patients), and interstitial lung disease (one patient) were documented as commonly experienced grade 3/4 nonhematological toxicities. Treatment-related mortality was nil. In this patient populace, satisfactory efficacy and mild toxicities of S-1 and PTX cotherapy dose and schedule were evident.