Robert C, et al. - Researchers describe findings after a 5-year follow-up among participants of an open-label, multicenter, randomized, controlled, phase 3 study assessing pembrolizumab vs ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab-naive patients with advanced melanoma with known BRAF V600 status and up to one previous systemic therapy with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to intravenous pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks or four doses of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks. In the combined pembrolizumab groups and in the ipilimumab group, the estimated median overall survival was 32.7 months and 15.9 months, respectively, and the estimated median progression-free survival was 8.4 months and 3.4 months, respectively, after a median follow-up of 57.7 months. Even after 5 years, pembrolizumab was still superior to ipilimumab. Based on the findings, the use of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced melanoma was further supported.