Campbell AJ, Al Yazidi LS, Phuong LK, et al. - Given a common causative role of Staphylococcus aureus in bacteremia, researchers sought to define the epidemiology, and predictors of poor outcome in childhood. A prospective, cross-sectional study of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB), ISAIAH, was conducted in children hospitalized in Australia and New Zealand, over 24-months (2017–2018). Overall, they identified 552 SABs, (incidence 4.4/100,000/yr [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-8.8]); of these, predominating were methicillin-susceptible (84%), community onset (78%) infection. They observed over-representation of indigenous children (8.1/100,000/yr [CI 4.8-14.4]), those from lower-socioeconomic areas (5.5/100,000/yr [CI 2.8-10.2]) and neonates (6.6/100,000/yr (CI 3.4-11.7). Overall there was high SAB incidence. This work for the first time suggested predictive value of necrotizing pneumonia and multifocal infection for mortality and indicated ID consultation as protective, in a pediatric setting. Findings highlighted the necessity for re-evaluation of pediatric vancomycin trough-targets and limiting unnecessary empiric-vancomycin exposure, to lower poor outcomes and nephrotoxicity. SAB morbidity considerably affected one in three children, hence, pediatric inclusion in future SAB comparator trials is paramount to improve outcomes.