Huang J, et al. - In this study, researchers intended to evaluate whether plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels associate with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) without hyperandrogenism (HA) and to examine their correlation with low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). They recruited a sum of 27 PCOS individuals without HA and 23 non-PCOS individuals and categorized into “nonobese” and “obese” arms for each group. They measure levels of plasma TMAO, basic clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers of inflammation. The data indicated that plasma levels of TMAO and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone were independent predictors of PCOS and an elevated risk of PCOS were noted in this logistic regression. It was observed that increased plasma TMAO levels may be correlated with the pathogenesis of PCOS without HA and associated with elevated systemic inflammation. In order to find out the suitability of TMAO as a predictive biomarker and to assess possible therapies for PCOS, future research is required.