Kleinerman RA, et al. - Researchers studied cause-specific mortality patterns for long-term hereditary and nonhereditary retinoblastoma survivors. Participants were 2053 retinoblastoma patients diagnosed during 1914–2006 at two major US treatment centers and followed to 2016. These subjects were examined for cumulative mortality, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and absolute excess risks (AERs) vs the US general population. With regard to deaths, most of these occurred in 1129 hereditary retinoblastoma patients (n = 518 deaths, cumulative mortality 70 years after retinoblastoma = 75.8%). Subsequent cancers accounted for 267 of these, for which SMRs were highest 15–29 years after diagnosis but remained statistically significantly elevated at 60 and more years, whereas AERs increased with time. For the first time, cancers of pancreas, large intestines, and kidney were seen to cause an increased risk of death. Treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy vs radiotherapy alone was related to greater overall risk of subsequent cancers. An excess risk of subsequent cancers was primarily responsible for deaths in hereditary retinoblastoma survivors up to six decades later.