Menon U, Gentry-Maharaj A, Burnell M, et al. - The UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) was conducted with the aim to ascertain if population screening can reduce deaths due to ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer mortality after long-term follow-up in UKCTOCS has been reported herein. In this randomized controlled trial, 202,638 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years were recruited and randomly allocated in blocks of 32 to annual multimodal screening (MMS), annual transvaginal ultrasound screening, or no screening, in a 1:1:2 ratio. Analysis was performed including 202,562 of these women. Death of a total of 1,206 women was reported because of the disease. In the MMS group, there was no sufficient reduction in stage III or IV disease incidence to translate into lives saved, indicating the relevance of specifying cancer mortality as the primary outcome in screening trials. As there was no significant reduction in ovarian and tubal cancer deaths because of screening, general population screening cannot be recommended.