Badheka A, Bloxham J, Schmitz A, et al. - Through a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized 2,558 children who had peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) inserted from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016, experts estimated the incidence of and recognized the risk factors for complications related to PICCs in an advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNP)-driven programme. Most of the PICCs were placed by ARNP and in a single attempt. The mean PICC residual external length outside was 2.1 ± 2.7 cm. The rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), thrombosis and notable bleeding were 1.9%, 1%, and 0.2%, respectively. In infants and early childhood, the CLABSI rate was higher than those aged ≥ 5 years. In a multivariate analysis following adjustment of confounding effects of race and gender, infants and early childhood cohort were correlated with significantly greater odds of developing CLABSI in comparison with ≥ 5 years old. PICCs with longer residual external catheter length and those placed in the operating room were related to a significantly higher risk of developing CLABSI in the early childhood cohort. In conclusion, the majority of PICCs were favorably placed by ARNPs on the first trial and had a low incidence of complications. Infants needed more attempts for prosperous PICC placement in comparison with older children. Moreover, independent predictors of CLABSI in younger children were the presence of residual external catheter length and placement in the operating room.