Wu YL, Tsuboi M, He J, et al. - For previously untreated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation–positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), osimertinib is standard-of-care therapy. Researchers here examined its effectiveness and safety as adjuvant therapy. They conducted a double-blind, phase 3 trial including 682 patients with completely resected EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC who were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to receive either osimertinib (80 mg once daily) or placebo for 3 years. According to findings, 90% of the patients with stage II to IIIA disease in the osimertinib group and 44% of those in the placebo group were alive and disease-free at 24 months. At the same point in the study, 89% of the patients in the osimertinib group and 52% of those in the placebo group were alive and disease-free in the overall population. Significantly longer disease-free survival was reported among patients with stage IB to IIIA EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC in correlation with receiving osimertinib vs receiving placebo.