Hansen MRH, Jørs E, Sandbæk A, et al. - A prospective study was conducted to determine whether and how organophosphate and carbamate insecticides are associated with pulmonary function, accounting for important confounders. Pre-bronchodilator spirometry, at baseline (September/October 2018) and at two follow-up visits (November/December 2018 and January/February 2019), was performed among 364 smallholder farmers in Uganda (69% women). Haemoglobin-adjusted erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE/Hb) was used to evaluate exposure to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. A significant association of low AChE/Hb with low FEV₁ Z-score was revealed in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Based on the observations, experts inferred that lung function decline may result from exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. These data add to the increasing evidence of health impacts in correlation with exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, emphasizing the importance of minimising exposure.