Yamaguchi M, Katsuno T, Iwagaitsu S, et al. - Researchers examined how oral candidiasis (OC) is associated with subsequent severe infection needing hospitalization during immunosuppressive therapy in antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). They used a single-center retrospective cohort study of 71 consecutive patients with AAV from Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan, who began immunosuppressive therapy between March 2013 and December 2018. During the follow-up period (median, 23 months; interquartile range, 11–51 months), 19 patients (26.8%) had 25 severe infectious episodes; 17 patients (23.9%) experienced OC. Observations suggest OC as one of the predictors of subsequent severe infections. Prolonged infection surveillance is supported, especially for patients who developed OC under strong immunosuppressive therapy. Significant predictors of severe infection were lower serum albumin, use of methylprednisolone pulse, and OC, as identified via multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.