Nesheim SR, Balaji A, Hu X, et al. - Among children with HIV infection, introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1997 led to reduction in opportunistic illness (OI) rates. Researchers analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National HIV Surveillance System for children with HIV living in the US during 1997–2016 with the aim to evaluate if such reductions have continued. They identified 711 first OIs among infants born during 1997–2016. Findings revealed a decrease in numbers and rates of all OIs among children with HIV in the US, during 1997–2016. Earlier, highest OI rates were recorded among non-US-born children but later, these were comparable with those among US-born children for all OIs except tuberculosis.