Getz KD, et al. - In this study including 1,022 pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated in the Children’s Oncology Group trial AAML0531, researchers assessed the risk factors for incident early cardiotoxicity and the effects of cardiotoxicity on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) during 5-year follow-up. They performed adverse event monitoring during follow-up to determine cardiotoxicity. The definition of cardiotoxicity included grade 2 or higher left ventricular systolic dysfunction on the basis of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3) definitions. Follow-up findings revealed the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in nearly 12% of patients, with more than 70% of incident events occurring during on-protocol therapy. A higher incidence was observed in noninfants and black patients, and in the setting of a bloodstream infection. According to findings, early treatment-related cardiotoxicity may be related to decreased EFS and OS, and there is an urgent need for cardioprotective strategies to improve relapse risk and both short- and long-term mortality outcomes.