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Nutrients in the US diet: Naturally occurring or enriched/fortified food and beverage sources, plus dietary supplements: NHANES 2009–2012

The Journal of Nutrition Jun 01, 2019

Newman JC, et al. - Using the NHANES 2009–2012 (n=16,975; ≥ 2 years old) data and the International Life Sciences Institute North America Fortification database, researchers evaluated the relative role of naturally occurring, enriched/fortified, and dietary supplement sources of 15 micronutrients using the dietary reference intakes as reference. Findings revealed a meaningful role of fortification/enrichment in the attenuation of the percentage of subjects with less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) for their demographic. With enrichment/fortification, the percentage below the EAR decreased to the following for vitamins A (35%), C (34%), and B-6 (7%), folate (8%), thiamin (5%), riboflavin (3%), niacin (1%), and iron (2%). For those aged 9–18 years, the percentages of nutrient intakes below the EAR were 14% to 50% higher vs those aged 2–8 years. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) was exceeded among children 2-8 years of age for folate (41.7%), niacin (10.1%), and zinc (39.9%). However, among those aged ≥ 2 years and 9–18 years, no prevalence of intakes over the UL was > 10%. Overall, these findings highlighted the need to promote superior dietary patterns to improve the intake of nutrients at risk of low intake.

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