Hughes JM, et al. - Using data from the Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database from 2002-2011 (n=1,260,168), researchers conducted a nested case-control study to determine if prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were correlated with stress fracture diagnoses among US army soldiers. In addition, they explored whether acetaminophen (an analgesic alternative to NSAIDs) was related to stress fracture risk. They identified soldiers with a diagnosis of stress fracture (n=24,146) and selected four control participants per case matched on length of military service (n=96,584). They also identified NSAID and acetaminophen prescriptions 180-30 days prior to injury (or match date), as well as soldiers who participated in basic combat training. Among these individuals, they identified 9,088 cases and 36,878 matched controls. Findings revealed a relationship between NSAID and acetaminophen prescriptions and stress fracture risk, particularly during periods of heightened physical activity.