Zinzani PL, Santoro A, Gritti G, et al. - Researchers investigated if nivolumab (an anti–programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor) and brentuximab vedotin (BV; an anti-CD30 antibody–drug conjugate) have synergistic activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). Enrollment of patients with confirmed R/R PMBL who were managed before with either autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation or two or more previous chemotherapy regimens was done in the expansion cohort of the open-label, phase I/II CheckMate 436 study. Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, the patients were administered nivolumab (240 mg intravenously) and BV (1.8 mg/kg intravenously) every 3 weeks. An objective response rate (ORR) of 73% (54% to 88%), with a 37% complete remission rate per investigator, and ORR of 70% (51% to 85%), with a 43% complete metabolic response rate per independent review was seen after a median follow-up of 11.1 months. A high antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile was seen in these patients with the combination of nivolumab plus BV.