Zoccali C, et al. - In two European chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohorts, with follow-up of 753 and 576 patients for 36 and 57 months, respectively, researchers determined the link between circulating neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the progression of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria and the risk for a combined renal endpoint (>30% GFR loss, dialysis/transplantation). Findings demonstrated an association of NPY with proteinuria and faster CKD progression and a higher risk of kidney failure. A possible role of the sympathetic system and/or properties intrinsic to the NPY molecule in CKD progression was suggested.