Hadjivassiliou M, et al. - In patients with a new diagnosis of celiac disease, researchers assessed the presence of neurologic deficits and examined whether the presence of antibodies to transglutaminase 6 (TG6) increases the risk of neurologic defects. The study sample consisted of 100 consecutive patients who received a new diagnosis of celiac disease based on gastroscopy and duodenal biopsy. Neurologic deficits were common and 40% had circulating antibodies against TG6 in a prospective cohort study of patients with a new diagnosis of celiac disease at a gastroenterology clinic. In patients with TG6 autoantibodies, a significant reduction in the volume of specific brain regions was noted, providing evidence of a link between autoimmunity to TG6 and brain atrophy in celiac disease patients. Early diagnosis, increased awareness of neurological manifestations among clinicians and strengthening patients ' adherence to a strict gluten-free diet to avoid permanent neurological disability are needed.