Rodman AM, et al. - Identifying mechanisms that promote resilience in children with a history of maltreatment using cognitive neuroscience offers a valuable target for intervention, so researchers proposed a conceptual model of a possible neurobiological mechanism of resilience to depression and anxiety after childhood adversity. They examined if resilience could be aided by neural circuits underlying the cognitive control of emotion, in which a child’s capability to recruit the frontoparietal control network to modulate amygdala reactivity to negative emotional cues shields risk for internalizing symptoms after exposure to adversity. A longitudinal sample of 151 children (8 to 17 years of age), including 79 with and 72 without a history of childhood maltreatment, were made to complete a cognitive reappraisal task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Findings support that greater resilience to depression following childhood maltreatment is exhibited by children who are better able to regulate emotion through recruitment of the frontoparietal network. Children exposed to adversity may show reduced vulnerability to depression via applying interventions targeting cognitive reappraisal and other cognitive emotion regulation strategies.