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National trends in the provision of human milk at hospital discharge among very low-birth-weight infants

JAMA Pediatrics Oct 12, 2019

Parker MG, et al. - In this cohort study, researchers outlined US trends in the provision of human milk at hospital discharge for very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants over the past decade by census region and maternal race/ethnicity, quantified correlations of census region and maternal race/ethnicity with the provision of human milk at hospital discharge, and analyzed regional and state variations in any provision of human milk at hospital discharge among racial/ethnic groups. The study sample consisted of 346,248 infants, born at 23 to 29 weeks’ gestation or with a birth weight of 401 to 1500 g, who were taken care from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, at 802 US hospitals in the Vermont Oxford Network. Data reported that 46.2% were non-Hispanic white, 30.1% were non-Hispanic black, 18.3% were Hispanic of any race, 4.7% were Asian and Pacific Islanders, and 0.8% were Native American. Any provision of human milk at hospital discharge among all infants increased steadily from 44% in 2008 to 52% in 2017. Findings revealed that there have been increases across all US census regions and racial/ethnic groups. During the past decade, the overall prevalence of any provision of human milk at hospital discharge among VLBW infants has steadily increased. Disparities in the provision of human milk by the US region and race/ethnicity exist and have not diminished over time. These outcomes have been strong to adjustment for birth year and infant characteristics.
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