Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Xie J, et al. - In this multi-centre, retrospective study involving 135 patients [average age at baseline was 52.13 ± 10.42 years, and the majority of patients were male (71.9%), with a BMI of 24.74 ± 3.88 kg/m< sup>2], the severity and proportion of arteriosclerosis may be useful prognostic indicators for diabetic kidney disease.

• The average 24-h urine protein was 4.52 g/24 h, and the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 135 qualified patients was 45 ml/min per 1.73 m ².

• The glomeruli count in the biopsy specimens was 21.07 ± 9.7.

• The proportion of severe arteriosclerosis in the kidney was found to be significantly correlated with the Renal Pathology Society glomerular classification, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), urine protein, systolic BP, and age, but not with baseline eGFR.

• The major outcomes were substantially linked with the glomerular class, IFTA, and the modified arteriosclerosis score in the multivariable model.

• After risk adjustment, RS was found to be independently linked with baseline eGFR, urine proteinuria, and the modified arteriosclerosis score, with satisfactory calibration and discrimination in the nomogram.