Kitazawa K, et al. - In this retrospective review of 96 consecutive clinical cases that underwent repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK) with more than 3 years postoperative follow-up, researchers focused on the moderately long-term safety and effectiveness of repeat PK for treatment of a failed PK graft. Following repeat PK, they assessed surgical outcomes including donor graft survival rate, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell density, and complications. Findings showed that repeat PK resulted in relatively safe and efficacious moderately long-term surgical outcomes. The need for additional glaucoma surgery was identified to be the most common complication for repeat PK. Factors that conferred a high risk for graft failure in repeat PK were previous glaucoma surgery and a rejection episode, as revealed in Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.