Samadian Z, et al. - Whether moderate-intensity exercise training insole and simultaneous with insulin exert an ameliorative influence on diabetes (DM)-induced pathogenesis at the testicular tissue and sperm level, was determined in this study performed on 36 mature male Wistar rats. The rats were grouped into six categories: sedentary control, exercise training (EX), sedentary experimental DM-induced, exercise training + DM-induced, insulin-treated sedentary DM-induced and exercise training and insulin-treated DM-induced groups. Researchers considered the 6-week exercise training intervention (30 min of moderate-intensity running on a treadmill, once daily [5 days/week]) in EX groups after DM induction. Findings revealed that a fair boosting of insulin-induced influences, including the up-regulated testicular endocrine and antioxidant status, spermatogenesis and sperm quality, was caused by exercise training when simultaneously considered with insulin.