Gémes K, et al. - Given the complex nature of the interrelationship between alcohol consumption and depression and uncertainty regarding the direction of the association, researchers investigated the influence of alcohol consumption on the risk of depression while accounting for this possible bidirectionality. The PART study had 10,441 participants in 1998–2000, 8,622 in 2001–2003, and 5,228 in 2010 who were evaluated regarding their alcohol consumption, symptoms of depression, childhood adversity, and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors. After accounting for possible bidirectional effects, the lowest risk of ensuing depression correlated with light and moderate alcohol consumption and non-hazardous drinking. The risk of depression increased with hazardous drinking, and non-drinkers had a higher risk of depression vs light drinkers.