Miller JE, Goldacre R, Moore HC, et al. - The relationship between mode of birth and childhood infection-related hospitalisation was examined in high-income countries with diverse CS rates. Researchers used a record-linked birth and hospitalisation data from Denmark, Scotland, England, and Australia (New South Wales and Western Australia) to perform this multicountry population-based cohort study of all recorded singleton live births. Among 7.17 million births, children born by elective CS had a 13% raised risk for an infection-related hospitalisation and emergency CS-born children had a 9% raised risk when compared with vaginally born children. Persistence of increased risk was observed upto 5 years of age and the risks were highest for respiratory, gastrointestinal, and other viral infections. The associations are possibly suggestive of disparities in early microbial exposure by mode of birth, which should be examined by mechanistic studies.