Hurt L, Wright M, Demmler J, et al. - Via a population-based cohort study that involved singleton babies born in Wales between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011 (n = 22,045), researchers evaluated the risk of hospital admission in children with mild-to-moderate antenatal renal pelvis dilatation (RPD) in comparison with children without this finding and investigated how the natural history of the RPD (whether the dilatation continues in later pregnancy or postpartum) or its features (unilateral vs bilateral) altered the risk of hospital admission. Follow-up of all children with renal pelvis dilatation and a group of children who did not have this finding was done until they were three years old. Infants who had this dilatation were more prone to be admitted to hospital with issues in the kidneys and urinary tract vs children without dilatation, particularly if the finding was still there later in pregnancy or following the birth. A correlation with hospital admissions could not be found, in children with dilatation at the anomaly scan, but no dilatation in later pregnancy or postpartum except when the primary dilatation was in both kidneys. Hence, in later pregnancy or postpartum, children with RPD at the FAS had greater rates of hospital admissions when constant dilatation was noted. These findings could be utilized in order to develop counseling of parents and improve care pathways for antenatal screening programs, including protocols for reporting and additional investigation of RPD.