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Maternal glycemia during pregnancy and child carotid intima media thickness, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism May 25, 2020

Yuan WL, Lin J, Kramer MS, et al. - By analyzing 479 mother–child dyads, researchers determined the link between maternal glycemia during pregnancy and cardiovascular risk markers in their children in GUSTO, a Singaporean birth cohort analysis. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was carried out around 26 weeks’ gestation, along with measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG) levels. Higher maternal FPG was identified to be related to higher carotid intima-media thickness and, in men, with a higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in the offspring. Higher cfPWV and augmentation index (AIx) were detected in relation to higher 2-hour PPPG. Higher AIx was evident in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus. Findings revealed that the presence of higher glycemia during pregnancy among mothers without pre-existing diabetes was related to mild structural as well as functional vascular alterations in their children at 6 years of age across a continuum. These observations lend support to the need to monitor maternal glycemia during pregnancy even when pre-existing diabetes or diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus are absent.

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