Muhe LM, et al. - Through a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study in five hospitals in Ethiopia of preterm infants born in the study hospitals who were younger than 37 gestational weeks, the researchers intended to discover the major causes of preterm mortality in preterm infants in the first 28 days of life in Ethiopia. Data were assembled on maternal and obstetric history, clinical maternal and neonatal conditions, and laboratory examinations. A total of 4,919 preterm infants, out of which 3,852 were admitted to neonatal intensive care units were recruited in the study. One thousand one hundred and nine of those admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit expired by 28 days of postnatal age. A complete diagnostic autopsy and minimally invasive tissue sampling of the neonatal intensive care unit deaths was performed in 441 and 126 respectively. Respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis were the primary reasons for death in 1,109 infants. The most usual contributory cause of preterm mortality was hypothermia. In infants who were younger than 28 weeks of gestation, followed by infants aged 28–31 weeks, 32–34 weeks, and 35–36 weeks, the highest mortality was discovered. Hence, 3 conditions were concluded accounting for 89% of all deaths in preterm infants in Ethiopia. To prevent or treat these conditions, scale-up interventions would be required. Moreover, in order to develop efficient and affordable interventions to prevent and treat the major reasons for preterm death, further research is needed.