Tague LK, Scozzi D, Wallendorf M, et al. - In this retrospective cohort of 228 adult lung transplant recipients, researchers investigated how neutropenia, a common complication following lung transplantation, influence recipient outcomes. They categorized neutropenia as mild (Absolute Neutrophil Count 1,000-1,499), moderate (500-999) or severe (< 500) and also as a time-varying continuous variable. Neutropenia developed in 101 of 228 patients (42.1%). They noted higher mortality among recipients with severe neutropenia vs recipients with no, mild, or moderate neutropenia. Surprisingly, a higher risk for chronic lung allograft dysfunction was observed in correlation with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF) treatment in mildly neutropenic patients, although there appeared no decrease in death risk in correlation with the treatment among severely neutropenic patients. Taken together, findings highlight important correlation of neutropenia severity with GCSF treatment in lung transplant outcomes.