Loffredo L, et al. – In the AURELIO study, researchers investigated the effect of hospitalization on the rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by the cumulative incidence of DVT in the proximal venous tract of the lower limbs at admission and discharge. The study was performed in hospital-university internal medicine wards and included consecutive acutely ill medical patients. Of the 1,340 patients evaluated, asymptomatic DVT was identified in 26 at admission. Among the remaining 1,170 patients who underwent a compression ultrasonography (CUS) at discharge, 250 (21%) underwent prophylaxis with parenteral anticoagulants; the remaining 920 (79%) were not treated with anticoagulants. During the hospital stay, DVT in the proximal tract was noted in three patients with a negative CUS result at admission. Of these patients, two were in prophylaxis with parenteral anticoagulants. The evidence thus suggested that, in the real world, acutely ill medical patients display > 90% (1.9%) asymptomatic DVT at admission, whereas there was a very low intra-hospital DVT occurrence. Overall, study findings emphasized a novel diagnostic workup and a careful reanalysis of anticoagulant prophylaxis.