Smith L, et al. - Using flexible parametric cure models, based on overall survival and event-free survival, researchers assessed the population-based trends in the cure proportion and survival of the uncured for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by clinical prognostic risk factors. After analyzing children aged 1–17 years diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 in Yorkshire, UK (n = 492), an increase in the percentage cured went from 77% (95% confidence interval 70–84%) in 1990–1997 to 89% (84–93%) in 2003–2011. A decrease was seen in the median survival time of the uncured from 3.2 years (2·2–4·1 years) to 0.7 years (0–1·5 years). A similar trend was noted with models based on event-free survival. A substantial decrease in the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse from 35% in 1990–97 to 9% in 2003–2011 was seen. Between 1990 and 2011, selective improvement in survival with a significant reduction in the risk of relapse was identified alongside a reduced absolute duration of survival for those destined to be uncured.