Kato F, et al. - Researchers assessed long-term outcomes of patients who underwent resection for recurrent or residual esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery or definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). These resections excluded salvage esophagectomy. The ultimate goal was to determine appropriate indications for a surgical approach. They found that after dCRT, salvage abdominal lymphadenectomy provided significantly better 5-year overall survival (OS), compared to salvage cervical or mediastinal lymphadenectomy. A significantly better 5-year OS was observed in patients who underwent salvage resection for recurrent lymph nodes (LNs), compared with those who underwent salvage resection for residual LNs. Overall, an improved prognosis can be seen in patients with abdominal LN recurrence, LN recurrence outside the radiation field, or a solitary lung recurrence of esophageal cancer might be possible with the use of the appropriate surgical approach.