Masa JF, Benítez I, Sánchez-Quiroga MA, et al. - Researchers undertook this multicenter, open-label parallel group clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) without severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) phenotype. This inquiry was undertaken at 16 sites in Spain, and involved 98 stable ambulatory patients having untreated OHS and apnea-hypopnea index < 30 events/hour (ie, no severe OSA). The participants were randomized to NIV or lifestyle modification (control group). Hospitalization days/year was the primary endpoint. Findings revealed similar long-term hospitalization days-year for NIV and lifestyle modification in this patient population of stable ambulatory patients with OHS without severe OSA. Experts concluded that better outcomes may be achieved with a more intensive program directed at enhancing NIV adherence.