Liu X, Zhang L, Chen C, et al. - In patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, researchers assessed the long-term cognitive or neuropsychiatric results and potential risk factors correlated with prolonged cognitive deficits or neuropsychiatric symptoms. This cohort follow-up study consisted of patients with a definitive diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis from the inpatient of West China Hospital between June 2012 and December 2017. All study participants had a prospective cognitive and neuropsychiatric evaluation every 3 months by cognitive impairment rating scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and/or Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In the acute phase, up to 97.5% of patients had severe cognitive deficits and symptoms of neuropsychiatry. The risk factors linked to persistent cognitive deficits included the age of onset of the disease over age 40 and clinical relapses. Clinical relapses were included among the predictors of prolonged neuropsychiatric symptoms. Irritability was shown as the most prevalent and persistent among the 12 neuropsychiatric symptoms of NPI. Overall, the authors concluded that combined cognitive and neuropsychiatric evaluation and intervention are vital components of comprehensive anti-NMDAR encephalitis care.